Vehicle safety depends on regular observation, appropriate maintenance, responsible driving, and knowing when a problem requires professional assistance.

This guide provides general educational information. Vehicle designs and requirements vary, so always check the owner’s manual and current manufacturer instructions.

Before Driving

Before starting a trip, especially a long journey, take a moment to check:

• Whether warning lights remain illuminated after the engine starts
• Whether the tires appear damaged or underinflated
• Whether there are fresh fluid leaks under the vehicle
• Whether mirrors and windows provide clear visibility
• Whether headlights, brake lights, and turn signals work
• Whether the brake pedal feels normal
• Whether steering feels predictable

Tires

Tires connect the vehicle to the road and affect braking, handling, comfort, and fuel efficiency.

Check tires regularly for:

• Correct pressure when the tires are cold
• Uneven tread wear
• Cuts, bulges, cracks, or exposed internal material
• Embedded objects
• Low tread depth
• Damage to the valve stem

Use the pressure specified by the vehicle manufacturer, usually shown in the owner’s manual or on a label near the driver’s door. Do not rely only on the maximum pressure printed on the tire sidewall.

Brakes

Braking problems should be treated seriously.

Possible warning signs include:

• A soft, sinking, or unusually hard brake pedal
• Grinding, scraping, or repeated squealing
• The vehicle pulling to one side while braking
• Steering-wheel or pedal vibration
• A brake warning light
• Longer stopping distances
• Visible brake-fluid leakage

Do not continue driving when braking performance is seriously reduced or unpredictable.

Steering and Suspension

Seek inspection when you notice:

• Excessive steering play
• Difficulty turning the wheel
• Strong pulling to one side
• Repeated clunking or knocking
• Unusual bouncing or instability
• Uneven tire wear
• A sudden change in steering effort

Engine Temperature

An overheating engine can suffer serious damage.

Warning signs may include:

• A high temperature-gauge reading
• A red temperature warning light
• Steam from the engine area
• A sweet or chemical smell
• Loss of engine power

Move to a safe location and stop the engine when serious overheating is suspected.

Do not open a hot cooling-system cap. Pressurized coolant may cause severe burns.

Fluids and Leaks

Automotive fluids may include engine oil, coolant, brake fluid, transmission fluid, power-steering fluid, windshield-washer fluid, and fuel.

Fresh leaks, rapidly falling fluid levels, strong odors, or repeated warning lights should be investigated.

Do not touch or taste an unknown fluid. Keep automotive fluids away from children and animals.

Battery Safety

Vehicle batteries may produce explosive gases and contain corrosive materials.

General precautions include:

• Avoiding sparks, flames, and smoking near the battery
• Using the correct jump-starting procedure
• Keeping metal tools away from exposed terminals
• Wearing suitable eye protection when appropriate
• Replacing batteries that are swollen, cracked, or leaking

Hybrid and electric vehicles may contain additional high-voltage batteries and components that require specialized training.

Lights and Visibility

Regularly check:

• Low- and high-beam headlights
• Brake lights
• Turn signals
• Hazard lights
• Reverse lights
• Windshield wipers
• Windshield-washer operation

Replace damaged wiper blades and keep windows, mirrors, cameras, and lights clean.

Seat Belts and Child Restraints

Seat belts should latch, retract, and remain free from visible damage.

Child restraints should be selected and installed according to the child’s age, size, local law, restraint manufacturer instructions, and vehicle owner’s manual.

Loose Items and Cargo

Loose objects may become dangerous during sudden braking or a collision.

Secure heavy tools, luggage, equipment, and other cargo. Do not block the driver’s view or interfere with pedals, steering, airbags, or seat adjustment.

Warning Lights

Red dashboard lights often indicate a condition requiring immediate attention. Yellow or amber lights generally indicate a fault or condition that should be checked soon.

Color meanings and symbols vary by vehicle. Consult the owner’s manual for the exact meaning.

A flashing warning light may indicate a more urgent condition than a steady light.

Roadside Emergencies

When a vehicle develops a serious problem:

• Reduce speed gradually
• Use hazard lights when appropriate
• Move away from traffic when it is safe to do so
• Stop on a stable surface
• Keep passengers away from moving traffic
• Contact emergency or roadside assistance when necessary

Do not stand directly behind or in front of a disabled vehicle in active traffic.

Working Under a Vehicle

Never rely only on a hydraulic jack to support a vehicle.

Use lifting points and support equipment approved for the vehicle and load. Work on a stable, level surface and follow all equipment instructions.

Vehicle lifting is dangerous. Seek professional assistance when proper equipment or experience is unavailable.

When Not to Drive

Do not continue driving when the vehicle has:

• Serious brake or steering failure
• Smoke, flames, or a strong fuel smell
• Severe overheating
• A rapidly deflating or structurally damaged tire
• A significant fuel or brake-fluid leak
• Unstable handling
• A major loss of power in moving traffic
• A high-voltage system warning requiring immediate action

Build a Simple Safety Routine

A useful routine includes:

• Checking tire pressure regularly
• Responding to warning lights promptly
• Keeping up with scheduled maintenance
• Investigating new noises, odors, leaks, or vibrations
• Keeping emergency contact information available
• Carrying basic roadside and safety equipment

Additional Information

Review our Dashboard Warning Lights Guide and Car Maintenance Checklist for more general information.

To report unclear or potentially unsafe information, visit our Contact Us page.